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By hoppt
ໃນຂະບວນການຜະລິດ, ບຸກຄະລາກອນ, ອຸປະກອນ, ວັດຖຸດິບ, ວິທີການ, ແລະສະພາບແວດລ້ອມແມ່ນປັດໃຈຕົ້ນຕໍທີ່ມີຜົນກະທົບຄຸນນະພາບຜະລິດຕະພັນ. ໃນຂະບວນການຜະລິດຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4, ບຸກຄະລາກອນແລະອຸປະກອນຂຶ້ນກັບຂອບເຂດຂອງການຄຸ້ມຄອງ, ດັ່ງນັ້ນພວກເຮົາສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນປຶກສາຫາລືປັດໄຈຜົນກະທົບສາມສຸດທ້າຍ.
ໃນລະຫວ່າງການສັງເຄາະຂອງ LiFePO4, ຈະມີຈໍານວນຫນ້ອຍຂອງ impurities ເຊັ່ນ Fe2O3 ແລະ Fe. impurities ເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຈະຖືກຫຼຸດລົງໃນດ້ານຂອງ electrode ລົບແລະອາດຈະເຈາະ diaphragm ແລະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດວົງຈອນສັ້ນພາຍໃນ. ເມື່ອ LiFePO4 ຖືກສໍາຜັດກັບອາກາດເປັນເວລາດົນນານ, ຄວາມຊຸ່ມຊື້ນຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຫມໍ້ໄຟຊຸດໂຊມລົງ. ໃນໄລຍະເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂອງການແກ່, ທາດເຫຼັກ amorphous phosphate ແມ່ນສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໃນດ້ານຂອງວັດສະດຸ. ອົງປະກອບແລະໂຄງສ້າງທ້ອງຖິ່ນຂອງມັນຄ້າຍຄືກັບ LiFePO4(OH); ດ້ວຍການໃສ່ OH, LiFePO4 ຖືກບໍລິໂພກຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ, ສະແດງອອກເປັນປະລິມານເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ; ຕໍ່ມາກໍ່ຖືກບັນຈຸຄືນໃໝ່ຢ່າງຊ້າໆເພື່ອສ້າງເປັນ LiFePO4(OH). ຄວາມບໍ່ສະອາດຂອງ Li3PO4 ໃນ LiFePO4 ແມ່ນ inert electrochemically. ເນື້ອໃນ impurity ຂອງ graphite anode ສູງຂຶ້ນ, ການສູນເສຍຄວາມສາມາດ irreversible ຫຼາຍ.
ການສູນເສຍ irreversible ຂອງ lithium ions ການເຄື່ອນໄຫວແມ່ນສະທ້ອນໃຫ້ເຫັນຄັ້ງທໍາອິດໃນ lithium ions ບໍລິໂພກໃນຂະນະທີ່ປະກອບເປັນເຍື່ອ interfacial electrolyte ແຂງ. ການສຶກສາໄດ້ພົບເຫັນວ່າການເພີ່ມອຸນຫະພູມການສ້າງຕັ້ງຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ການສູນເສຍ irreversible ຫຼາຍຂອງ lithium ions. ເມື່ອອຸນຫະພູມການສ້າງຕັ້ງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ອັດຕາສ່ວນຂອງອົງປະກອບອະນົງຄະທາດໃນຮູບເງົາ SEI ຈະເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ. ອາຍແກັສທີ່ປ່ອຍອອກມາໃນລະຫວ່າງການຫັນປ່ຽນຈາກສ່ວນອິນຊີ ROCO2Li ໄປສູ່ອົງປະກອບອະນົງຄະທາດ Li2CO3 ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມບົກຜ່ອງຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນໃນຮູບເງົາ SEI. ຈໍານວນຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່ຂອງ lithium ions ແກ້ໄຂໂດຍຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຈະຖືກຝັງຢູ່ໃນ electrode graphite ລົບ.
ໃນລະຫວ່າງການສ້າງຕັ້ງ, ອົງປະກອບແລະຄວາມຫນາຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໂດຍການສາກໄຟຕ່ໍາໃນປະຈຸບັນແມ່ນເປັນເອກະພາບແຕ່ໃຊ້ເວລາຫຼາຍ; ການສາກໄຟທີ່ມີແຮງດັນສູງຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຕິກິລິຍາຂ້າງຄຽງຫຼາຍຂື້ນ, ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ການສູນເສຍ lithium-ion irreversible ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນແລະ impedance ໃນການໂຕ້ຕອບ electrode ລົບຈະເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ແຕ່ມັນປະຫຍັດເວລາ. ເວລາ; ໃນປັດຈຸບັນ, ຮູບແບບການສ້າງຕັ້ງຂອງປະຈຸບັນຄົງທີ່ຂະຫນາດນ້ອຍໃນປະຈຸບັນ - ຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່ໃນປະຈຸບັນຄົງທີ່ແລະແຮງດັນຄົງທີ່ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ເລື້ອຍໆເພື່ອໃຫ້ມັນສາມາດເອົາຂໍ້ໄດ້ປຽບຂອງທັງສອງເຂົ້າໃນບັນຊີ.
ໃນການຜະລິດຕົວຈິງ, ແບດເຕີລີ່ຈະຕິດຕໍ່ກັບອາກາດຢ່າງຫຼີກລ່ຽງບໍ່ໄດ້ເພາະວ່າວັດສະດຸໃນທາງບວກແລະທາງລົບສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນອະນຸພາກ micron ຫຼື nano, ແລະໂມເລກຸນຂອງສານລະລາຍໃນ electrolyte ມີກຸ່ມ electronegative carbonyl ຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່ແລະພັນທະບັດ carbon-carbon double metastable. ທັງຫມົດໄດ້ຢ່າງງ່າຍດາຍດູດຄວາມຊຸ່ມຊື້ນໃນອາກາດ.
ໂມເລກຸນຂອງນ້ໍາປະຕິກິລິຍາກັບເກືອ lithium (ໂດຍສະເພາະ LiPF6) ໃນ electrolyte, ເຊິ່ງ decomposes ແລະບໍລິໂພກ electrolyte (decomposes ໃນຮູບແບບ PF5) ແລະຜະລິດເປັນກົດ HF. ທັງສອງ PF5 ແລະ HF ຈະທໍາລາຍຮູບເງົາ SEI, ແລະ HF ຍັງຈະສົ່ງເສີມການກັດກ່ອນຂອງອຸປະກອນການເຄື່ອນໄຫວ LiFePO4. ໂມເລກຸນນ້ໍາຍັງຈະ delithiate ຂອງ lithium-intercalated graphite electrode ລົບ, ກອບເປັນຈໍານວນ lithium hydroxide ຢູ່ລຸ່ມສຸດຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ໄດ້. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, O2 ທີ່ລະລາຍໃນ electrolyte ຍັງຈະເລັ່ງການ aging ຂອງ ແບດເຕີຣີ້ LiFePO4.
ໃນຂະບວນການຜະລິດ, ນອກເຫນືອຈາກຂະບວນການຜະລິດທີ່ມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ການປະຕິບັດຂອງແບດເຕີຣີ້, ປັດໃຈຕົ້ນຕໍທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ປະກອບມີຄວາມບໍ່ສະອາດໃນວັດຖຸດິບ (ລວມທັງນ້ໍາ) ແລະຂະບວນການສ້າງ, ດັ່ງນັ້ນຄວາມບໍລິສຸດຂອງ. ວັດສະດຸ, ການຄວບຄຸມຄວາມຊຸ່ມຊື່ນຂອງສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມ, ວິທີການສ້າງຕັ້ງ, ແລະອື່ນໆ.
ໃນໄລຍະການບໍລິການຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟ, ທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຂອງມັນແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນສະພາບຂອງ shelving ໄດ້. ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປແລ້ວ, ຫຼັງຈາກທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາ shelving ເປັນເວລາດົນນານ, ປະສິດທິພາບຫມໍ້ໄຟຈະຫຼຸດລົງ, ປົກກະຕິແລ້ວສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນເຖິງການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງຄວາມຕ້ານທານພາຍໃນ, ການຫຼຸດລົງຂອງແຮງດັນ, ແລະການຫຼຸດລົງຂອງຄວາມສາມາດໃນການປ່ອຍ. ປັດໃຈຫຼາຍຢ່າງເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດການເສື່ອມໂຊມຂອງປະສິດທິພາບຂອງແບດເຕີລີ່, ເຊິ່ງໃນນັ້ນອຸນຫະພູມ, ສະຖານະຂອງການສາກໄຟ, ແລະເວລາແມ່ນປັດໃຈທີ່ມີອິດທິພົນທີ່ຊັດເຈນທີ່ສຸດ.
Kassem et al. ວິເຄາະອາຍຸຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ພາຍໃຕ້ເງື່ອນໄຂການເກັບຮັກສາທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ພວກເຂົາເຈົ້າເຊື່ອວ່າກົນໄກຜູ້ສູງອາຍຸສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນຕິກິຣິຍາຂ້າງຄຽງຂອງ electrodes ໃນທາງບວກແລະທາງລົບ. electrolyte (ເມື່ອປຽບທຽບກັບການຕິກິຣິຍາດ້ານຂ້າງຂອງ electrode ໃນທາງບວກ, ຕິກິຣິຍາຂ້າງຄຽງຂອງ electrode graphite ລົບແມ່ນຫນັກກວ່າ, ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນເກີດຈາກການລະລາຍ, ການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຂອງ SEI films) ບໍລິໂພກ lithium ions ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວ. ໃນເວລາດຽວກັນ, impedance ທັງຫມົດຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ການສູນເສຍຂອງ lithium ions ການເຄື່ອນໄຫວນໍາໄປສູ່ການອາຍຸຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟໃນເວລາທີ່ມັນປະໄວ້. ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນກັບການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງອຸນຫະພູມການເກັບຮັກສາ. ໃນທາງກົງກັນຂ້າມ, ເນື່ອງຈາກສະຖານະຂອງການເກັບຮັກສາເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດແມ່ນຫນ້ອຍກວ່າ.
Grolleau et al. ຍັງບັນລຸໄດ້ຂໍ້ສະຫຼຸບດຽວກັນ: ອຸນຫະພູມການເກັບຮັກສາມີຜົນກະທົບຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍຕໍ່ອາຍຸຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4, ປະຕິບັດຕາມໂດຍສະຖານະການເກັບຮັກສາຂອງຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ, ແລະຮູບແບບງ່າຍດາຍແມ່ນສະເຫນີ. ມັນສາມາດຄາດຄະເນການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ໂດຍອີງໃສ່ປັດໃຈທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບເວລາເກັບຮັກສາ (ອຸນຫະພູມແລະສະຖານະຂອງຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍ). ໃນສະຖານະການ SOC ສະເພາະ, ເມື່ອເວລາຊັ້ນວາງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, lithium ໃນ graphite ຈະແຜ່ລາມໄປສູ່ຂອບ, ປະກອບເປັນສານປະສົມທີ່ສັບສົນກັບ electrolyte ແລະເອເລັກໂຕຣນິກ, ເຊິ່ງກໍ່ໃຫ້ເກີດການເພີ່ມຂື້ນຂອງອັດຕາສ່ວນຂອງ lithium ion irreversible, ຄວາມຫນາແຫນ້ນຂອງ SEI, ແລະການປະພຶດ. ການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງ impedance ທີ່ເກີດຈາກການຫຼຸດລົງ (ອົງປະກອບອະນົງຄະທາດເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ແລະບາງໂອກາດທີ່ຈະລະລາຍຄືນໃຫມ່) ແລະການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນກິດຈະກໍາຂອງພື້ນຜິວ electrode ຮ່ວມກັນເຮັດໃຫ້ອາຍຸຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟ.
ໂດຍບໍ່ຄໍານຶງເຖິງສະພາບຂອງການສາກໄຟຫຼືສະພາບການປ່ອຍອອກ, calorimetry ການສະແກນຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງບໍ່ພົບປະຕິກິລິຍາໃດໆລະຫວ່າງ LiFePO4 ແລະ electrolytes ທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ ( electrolyte ແມ່ນ LiBF4, LiAsF6, ຫຼື LiPF6) ໃນຊ່ວງອຸນຫະພູມຈາກອຸນຫະພູມຫ້ອງເຖິງ 85 ° C. ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ, ເມື່ອ LiFePO4 ຖືກແຊ່ຢູ່ໃນ electrolyte ຂອງ LiPF6 ເປັນເວລາດົນນານ, ມັນຈະຍັງຄົງສະແດງປະຕິກິລິຍາສະເພາະ. ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າຕິກິຣິຍາທີ່ຈະປະກອບເປັນການໂຕ້ຕອບແມ່ນ prolonged, ຍັງບໍ່ທັນມີຮູບເງົາ passivation ຢູ່ດ້ານຂອງ LiFePO4 ເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນການຕິກິຣິຍາເພີ່ມເຕີມກັບ electrolyte ຫຼັງຈາກ immersing ສໍາລັບຫນຶ່ງເດືອນ.
ຢູ່ໃນສະຖານະ shelving, ສະພາບການເກັບຮັກສາທີ່ບໍ່ດີ (ອຸນຫະພູມສູງແລະສະຖານະຂອງຄ່າໃຊ້ຈ່າຍສູງ) ຈະເພີ່ມລະດັບຂອງການປົດປ່ອຍຕົນເອງຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4, ເຮັດໃຫ້ຫມໍ້ໄຟອາຍຸສູງສຸດຈະແຈ້ງ.
ແບດເຕີຣີໂດຍທົ່ວໄປປ່ອຍຄວາມຮ້ອນໃນລະຫວ່າງການໃຊ້, ດັ່ງນັ້ນອິດທິພົນຂອງອຸນຫະພູມແມ່ນມີຄວາມສໍາຄັນ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ສະພາບຖະຫນົນ, ການນໍາໃຊ້, ແລະອຸນຫະພູມສະພາບແວດລ້ອມທັງຫມົດຈະມີຜົນກະທົບທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ.
ການສູນເສຍຂອງ lithium ion ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວໂດຍທົ່ວໄປເຮັດໃຫ້ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ໃນລະຫວ່າງການຂີ່ລົດຖີບ. Dubarry et al. ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າການອາຍຸຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ໃນລະຫວ່າງການຂີ່ຈັກຍານແມ່ນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນຍ້ອນຂະບວນການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວທີ່ສັບສົນທີ່ບໍລິໂພກຮູບເງົາ lithium-ion SEI ທີ່ມີປະໂຫຍດ. ໃນຂະບວນການນີ້, ການສູນເສຍຂອງ lithium ions ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວໂດຍກົງຫຼຸດຜ່ອນອັດຕາການເກັບຮັກສາຂອງຄວາມອາດສາມາດຫມໍ້ໄຟ; ການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI, ໃນອີກດ້ານຫນຶ່ງ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງການຕໍ່ຕ້ານ polarization ຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟ. ໃນເວລາດຽວກັນ, ຄວາມຫນາຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ແມ່ນຫນາເກີນໄປ, ແລະປະສິດທິພາບ electrochemical ຂອງ anode graphite. ມັນຈະປິດການເຄື່ອນໄຫວບາງສ່ວນ.
ໃນລະຫວ່າງການຂີ່ລົດຖີບດ້ວຍອຸນຫະພູມສູງ, Fe2+ ໃນ LiFePO4 ຈະລະລາຍໃນລະດັບໃດຫນຶ່ງ. ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າປະລິມານຂອງ Fe2+ ທີ່ລະລາຍບໍ່ມີຜົນກະທົບທີ່ສໍາຄັນຕໍ່ຄວາມສາມາດຂອງ electrode ບວກ, ການລະລາຍຂອງ Fe2+ ແລະການ precipitation ຂອງ Fe ໃນ electrode graphite ລົບຈະມີບົດບາດ catalytic ໃນການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ໄດ້. . Tan ວິເຄາະປະລິມານທີ່ແລະບ່ອນທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຂອງ lithium ions ໄດ້ສູນເສຍໄປແລະພົບເຫັນວ່າການສູນເສຍຂອງ lithium ions ການເຄື່ອນໄຫວສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນຢູ່ດ້ານຂອງ electrode graphite ລົບ, ໂດຍສະເພາະໃນໄລຍະວົງຈອນອຸນຫະພູມສູງ, ນັ້ນແມ່ນ, ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງວົງຈອນອຸນຫະພູມສູງ. ແມ່ນໄວຂຶ້ນ, ແລະສະຫຼຸບຮູບເງົາ SEI ມີສາມກົນໄກທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນຂອງຄວາມເສຍຫາຍແລະການສ້ອມແປງ:
ນອກເຫນືອໄປຈາກການສູນເສຍຂອງ lithium ions ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວ, ທັງວັດສະດຸໃນທາງບວກແລະທາງລົບຈະຊຸດໂຊມໃນລະຫວ່າງການນໍາມາໃຊ້ຄືນ. ການປະກົດຕົວຂອງຮອຍແຕກໃນ electrode LiFePO4 ໃນລະຫວ່າງການລີໄຊເຄີນຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ electrode polarization ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນແລະ conductivity ລະຫວ່າງວັດສະດຸທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວແລະ conductive ຫຼືຕົວເກັບລວບລວມປະຈຸບັນຫຼຸດລົງ. Nagpure ໄດ້ນໍາໃຊ້ກ້ອງຈຸລະທັດການຕ້ານການສະແກນແບບຂະຫຍາຍ (SSRM) ເພື່ອສຶກສາເຄິ່ງປະລິມານຂອງການປ່ຽນແປງຂອງ LiFePO4 ຫຼັງຈາກຜູ້ສູງອາຍຸແລະພົບວ່າການຫຍາບຕົວຂອງ LiFePO4 nanoparticles ແລະເງິນຝາກພື້ນຜິວທີ່ຜະລິດໂດຍປະຕິກິລິຍາເຄມີສະເພາະຮ່ວມກັນເຮັດໃຫ້ການເພີ່ມຂື້ນຂອງສານສະກັດຈາກ LiFePO4 cathodes. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ການຫຼຸດລົງຂອງຫນ້າດິນທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວແລະການ exfoliation ຂອງ electrodes graphite ທີ່ເກີດຈາກການສູນເສຍຂອງອຸປະກອນການ graphite ການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຍັງຖືວ່າເປັນສາເຫດຂອງອາຍຸຫມໍ້ໄຟ. ຄວາມບໍ່ສະຖຽນລະພາບຂອງ graphite anode ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຄວາມບໍ່ສະຖຽນລະພາບຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ແລະສົ່ງເສີມການບໍລິໂພກຂອງ lithium ions ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວ.
ການໄຫຼໃນອັດຕາສູງຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟສາມາດສະຫນອງພະລັງງານທີ່ສໍາຄັນສໍາລັບຍານພາຫະນະໄຟຟ້າ; ນັ້ນແມ່ນ, ອັດຕາການປະຕິບັດຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານທີ່ດີກວ່າ, ການປະຕິບັດການເລັ່ງຂອງລົດໄຟຟ້າຈະດີຂຶ້ນ. ຜົນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຂອງ Kim et al. ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າກົນໄກການອາຍຸຂອງ LiFePO4 electrode ບວກແລະ graphite electrode ລົບແມ່ນແຕກຕ່າງກັນ: ດ້ວຍການເພີ່ມຂື້ນຂອງອັດຕາການໄຫຼ, ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງ electrode ບວກເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍກ່ວາ electrode ລົບ. ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງແບດເຕີລີ່ໃນລະຫວ່າງການຂີ່ຈັກຍານໃນອັດຕາຕ່ໍາແມ່ນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນຍ້ອນການບໍລິໂພກຂອງ lithium ions ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຢູ່ໃນ electrode ລົບ. ໃນທາງກົງກັນຂ້າມ, ການສູນເສຍພະລັງງານຂອງແບດເຕີລີ່ໃນລະຫວ່າງການຂີ່ລົດຖີບທີ່ມີອັດຕາສູງແມ່ນຍ້ອນການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງ impedance ຂອງ electrode ບວກ.
ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າຄວາມເລິກຂອງການໄຫຼຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ຈະບໍ່ມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດ, ມັນຈະສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ການສູນເສຍພະລັງງານຂອງມັນ: ຄວາມໄວຂອງການສູນເສຍພະລັງງານເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນກັບຄວາມເລິກຂອງການໄຫຼ. ນີ້ແມ່ນເນື່ອງມາຈາກການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງ impedance ຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ແລະການເພີ່ມຂື້ນຂອງ impedance ຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟທັງຫມົດ. ມັນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງໂດຍກົງ. ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບການສູນເສຍຂອງ lithium ion ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວ, ຂອບເຂດຈໍາກັດດ້ານເທິງຂອງແຮງດັນໄຟຟ້າບໍ່ມີອິດທິພົນຕໍ່ຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງແບດເຕີຣີ, ຂີດຈໍາກັດດ້ານເທິງຕ່ໍາຫຼືສູງເກີນໄປຂອງແຮງດັນໄຟຟ້າຈະເພີ່ມການຂັດຂວາງການໂຕ້ຕອບຂອງ LiFePO4 electrode: ຕ່ໍາສຸດ. limit voltage ຈະບໍ່ເຮັດວຽກດີ. ຮູບເງົາ passivation ໄດ້ຖືກສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນຢູ່ໃນຫນ້າດິນ, ແລະການຈໍາກັດແຮງດັນເທິງສູງເກີນໄປຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ການຍ່ອຍສະຫຼາຍ oxidative ຂອງ electrolyte ໄດ້. ມັນຈະສ້າງຜະລິດຕະພັນທີ່ມີ conductivity ຕ່ໍາຢູ່ດ້ານຂອງ electrode LiFePO4.
ຄວາມສາມາດໃນການປ່ອຍຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ຈະຫຼຸດລົງຢ່າງໄວວາເມື່ອອຸນຫະພູມຫຼຸດລົງ, ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ແມ່ນຍ້ອນການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການນໍາ ion ແລະການເພີ່ມຂື້ນຂອງການໂຕ້ຕອບ impedance. Li ໄດ້ສຶກສາ LiFePO4 cathode ແລະ graphite anode ແຍກຕ່າງຫາກແລະພົບວ່າປັດໃຈຄວບຄຸມຕົ້ນຕໍທີ່ຈໍາກັດການປະຕິບັດອຸນຫະພູມຕ່ໍາຂອງ anode ແລະ anode ແມ່ນແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ການຫຼຸດລົງຂອງການນໍາ ionic ຂອງ LiFePO4 cathode ແມ່ນເດັ່ນ, ແລະການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນໃນການໂຕ້ຕອບ impedance ຂອງ graphite anode ແມ່ນເຫດຜົນຕົ້ນຕໍ.
ໃນລະຫວ່າງການນໍາໃຊ້, ການເຊື່ອມໂຊມຂອງ LiFePO4 electrode ແລະ graphite anode ແລະການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງຂອງຮູບເງົາ SEI ຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟທີ່ຈະແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ນອກເຫນືອຈາກປັດໃຈທີ່ບໍ່ສາມາດຄວບຄຸມໄດ້ເຊັ່ນ: ສະພາບຖະຫນົນແລະອຸນຫະພູມລ້ອມຮອບ, ການນໍາໃຊ້ແບດເຕີລີ່ເປັນປົກກະຕິຍັງເປັນສິ່ງຈໍາເປັນ, ລວມທັງແຮງດັນໄຟຟ້າທີ່ເຫມາະສົມ, ຄວາມເລິກທີ່ເຫມາະສົມຂອງການໄຫຼ, ແລະອື່ນໆ.
ແບດເຕີຣີມັກຈະຖືກສາກເກີນຢ່າງຫຼີກລ່ຽງໃນລະຫວ່າງການໃຊ້ງານ. ມີການລົງຂາວໜ້ອຍລົງ. ຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປ່ອຍອອກມາໃນລະຫວ່າງການສາກໄຟເກີນ ຫຼື ການໄຫຼເກີນມີແນວໂນ້ມທີ່ຈະສະສົມພາຍໃນແບັດເຕີຣີ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ອຸນຫະພູມຂອງແບັດເຕີຣີເພີ່ມສູງຂຶ້ນ. ມັນມີຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ອາຍຸການໃຊ້ງານຂອງແບດເຕີຣີ້ແລະເພີ່ມຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ຂອງໄຟໄຫມ້ຫຼືການລະເບີດຂອງພະຍຸ. ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າພາຍໃຕ້ເງື່ອນໄຂການສາກໄຟແລະການໄຫຼອອກເປັນປົກກະຕິ, ເມື່ອຈໍານວນຂອງຮອບວຽນເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ຄວາມສອດຄ່ອງຂອງຄວາມສາມາດຂອງຈຸລັງດຽວໃນລະບົບຫມໍ້ໄຟຈະເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ. ແບດເຕີຣີທີ່ມີຄວາມຈຸຕ່ໍາສຸດຈະຜ່ານຂະບວນການຂອງການສາກໄຟແລະການໄຫຼເກີນ.
ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າ LiFePO4 ມີຄວາມຫມັ້ນຄົງດ້ານຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດເມື່ອທຽບກັບວັດສະດຸ electrode ໃນທາງບວກອື່ນໆພາຍໃຕ້ເງື່ອນໄຂການສາກໄຟທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ, ການສາກໄຟເກີນຍັງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມສ່ຽງທີ່ບໍ່ປອດໄພໃນການນໍາໃຊ້ຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4. ຢູ່ໃນສະພາບທີ່ overcharged, ທາດລະລາຍໃນ electrolyte ອິນຊີແມ່ນມີຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການ decomposition oxidative ຫຼາຍ. ໃນບັນດາສານລະລາຍອິນຊີທີ່ໃຊ້ກັນທົ່ວໄປ, ເອທີລີນຄາບອນບອນ (EC) ມັກຈະໄດ້ຮັບການຍ່ອຍສະຫຼາຍຂອງທາດອອກຊີເຈນທີ່ດ້ານບວກຂອງ electrode. ເນື່ອງຈາກທ່າແຮງການແຊກ lithium (ທຽບກັບທ່າແຮງ lithium) ຂອງ electrode graphite ລົບແມ່ນຕື້ນ, lithium precipitation ມີຄວາມເປັນໄປໄດ້ສູງໃນ electrode graphite ລົບ.
ຫນຶ່ງໃນເຫດຜົນຕົ້ນຕໍສໍາລັບຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພາຍໃຕ້ສະພາບ overcharged ແມ່ນວົງຈອນສັ້ນພາຍໃນທີ່ເກີດຈາກກິ່ງງ່າ lithium ໄປເຊຍກັນເຈາະ diaphragm ໄດ້. Lu et al. ວິເຄາະກົນໄກຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງແຜ່ນ lithium ເທິງພື້ນຜິວ electrode graphite ກົງກັນຂ້າມທີ່ເກີດຈາກການ overcharge. ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າໂຄງສ້າງໂດຍລວມຂອງ electrode graphite ລົບບໍ່ໄດ້ມີການປ່ຽນແປງ, ແຕ່ວ່າມີສາຂາຂອງ lithium ໄປເຊຍກັນແລະຮູບເງົາດ້ານ. ປະຕິກິລິຍາຂອງ lithium ແລະ electrolyte ເຮັດໃຫ້ຮູບເງົາດ້ານຫນ້າເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ, ເຊິ່ງບໍລິໂພກ lithium ທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນແລະເຮັດໃຫ້ lithium ກະຈາຍເຂົ້າໄປໃນ graphite. electrode ລົບກາຍເປັນສະລັບສັບຊ້ອນຫຼາຍ, ເຊິ່ງຈະສົ່ງເສີມການ deposition lithium ຕໍ່ໄປອີກແລ້ວໃນດ້ານຂອງ electrode ລົບ, ຜົນອອກມາໃນການຫຼຸດລົງຕື່ມອີກໃນຄວາມສາມາດແລະປະສິດທິພາບ coulombic.
ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຄວາມບໍ່ສະອາດຂອງໂລຫະ (ໂດຍສະເພາະ Fe) ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປແມ່ນຖືວ່າເປັນຫນຶ່ງໃນເຫດຜົນຕົ້ນຕໍສໍາລັບຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟເກີນ. Xu et al. ການສຶກສາລະບົບກົນໄກຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ພາຍໃຕ້ເງື່ອນໄຂ overcharge. ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ redox ຂອງ Fe ໃນໄລຍະຮອບວຽນ overcharge / discharge ແມ່ນເປັນໄປໄດ້ທາງທິດສະດີ, ແລະກົນໄກການຕິກິຣິຍາໄດ້ຖືກມອບໃຫ້. ເມື່ອ overcharge ເກີດຂຶ້ນ, Fe ທໍາອິດຖືກ oxidized ກັບ Fe2+, Fe2+ ເພີ່ມເຕີມ deteriorates ກັບ Fe3+, ແລະຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນ Fe2+ ແລະ Fe3+ ຖືກໂຍກຍ້າຍອອກຈາກ electrode ບວກ. ຂ້າງຫນຶ່ງກະຈາຍໄປຂ້າງ electrode ລົບ, Fe3+ ສຸດທ້າຍຖືກຫຼຸດລົງເປັນ Fe2+, ແລະ Fe2+ ຖືກຫຼຸດລົງຕື່ມອີກເພື່ອສ້າງເປັນ Fe; ໃນເວລາທີ່ວົງຈອນ overcharge / discharge, ສາຂາໄປເຊຍກັນ Fe ຈະເລີ່ມຕົ້ນທີ່ electrodes ໃນທາງບວກແລະທາງລົບໃນເວລາດຽວກັນ, ເຈາະຕົວແຍກເພື່ອສ້າງຂົວ Fe, ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ຫມໍ້ໄຟຈຸນລະພາກວົງຈອນສັ້ນ, ປະກົດການປາກົດຂື້ນທີ່ມາພ້ອມກັບວົງຈອນສັ້ນຈຸນລະພາກຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟແມ່ນຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ. ອຸນຫະພູມເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຫຼັງຈາກສາກໄຟເກີນ.
ໃນລະຫວ່າງການ overcharge, ທ່າແຮງຂອງ electrode ລົບຈະເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຢ່າງໄວວາ. ການເພີ່ມຂື້ນທີ່ມີທ່າແຮງຈະທໍາລາຍແຜ່ນ SEI ເທິງຫນ້າດິນຂອງ electrode ລົບ (ສ່ວນທີ່ອຸດົມສົມບູນໃນສານປະກອບອະນົງຄະທາດໃນຮູບເງົາ SEI ມັກຈະຖືກ oxidized), ເຊິ່ງຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ Decomposition ຂອງ electrolyte ເພີ່ມເຕີມ, ເຊິ່ງກໍ່ໃຫ້ເກີດການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດ. ສິ່ງທີ່ສໍາຄັນກວ່ານັ້ນ, ຕົວເກັບປະຈຸລົບ Cu foil ຈະຖືກ oxidized. ໃນຮູບເງົາ SEI ຂອງ electrode ລົບ, Yang et al. ກວດພົບ Cu2O, ຜະລິດຕະພັນການຜຸພັງຂອງ Cu foil, ເຊິ່ງຈະຊ່ວຍເພີ່ມຄວາມຕ້ານທານພາຍໃນຂອງແບດເຕີຣີ້ແລະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດການສູນເສຍຄວາມອາດສາມາດຂອງພະຍຸ.
ລາວ et al. ໄດ້ສຶກສາຂັ້ນຕອນການໄຫຼເກີນຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ LiFePO4 ໂດຍລະອຽດ. ຜົນໄດ້ຮັບສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າຕົວເກັບກໍາປັດຈຸບັນລົບ Cu foil ສາມາດ oxidized ກັບ Cu + ໃນລະຫວ່າງການປ່ອຍອອກຫຼາຍເກີນໄປ, ແລະ Cu + ຖືກອອກຊີເຈນຕໍ່ໄປເປັນ Cu2+, ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນພວກເຂົາເຈົ້າແຜ່ຂະຫຍາຍໄປໃນ electrode ບວກ. ປະຕິກິລິຍາການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນສາມາດເກີດຂື້ນຢູ່ທີ່ electrode ບວກ. ດ້ວຍວິທີນີ້, ມັນຈະປະກອບເປັນກິ່ງງ່າໄປເຊຍກັນຢູ່ດ້ານ electrode ບວກ, ເຈາະຕົວແຍກແລະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດວົງຈອນສັ້ນຈຸນລະພາກພາຍໃນຫມໍ້ໄຟ. ນອກຈາກນີ້, ເນື່ອງຈາກການໄຫຼເກີນ, ອຸນຫະພູມຫມໍ້ໄຟຈະສືບຕໍ່ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ.
overcharge ຂອງ LiFePO4 ຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານອາດຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດການ decomposition electrolyte oxidative, evolution lithium, ແລະການສ້າງຕັ້ງຂອງສາຂາໄປເຊຍກັນ Fe; over-discharge ອາດຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມເສຍຫາຍ SEI, ຜົນກະທົບໃນການຊຸດໂຊມຄວາມອາດສາມາດ, Cu foil oxidation, ແລະເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າຮູບລັກສະນະ Cu ກິ່ງງ່າໄປເຊຍກັນ.
ເນື່ອງຈາກການ conductive ຕ່ໍາຂອງ LiFePO4, ຮູບຮ່າງແລະຂະຫນາດຂອງວັດສະດຸຕົວມັນເອງແລະຜົນກະທົບຂອງຕົວນໍາແລະສານຜູກແມ່ນສະແດງອອກໄດ້ງ່າຍ. Gaberscek et al. ໄດ້ປຶກສາຫາລືສອງປັດໄຈທີ່ກົງກັນຂ້າມຂອງຂະຫນາດແລະການເຄືອບຄາບອນແລະພົບວ່າ impedance electrode ຂອງ LiFePO4 ແມ່ນກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບຂະຫນາດຂອງອະນຸພາກສະເລ່ຍເທົ່ານັ້ນ. ຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງຕ້ານການສະຖານທີ່ໃນ LiFePO4 (Fe occupies Li sites) ຈະມີຜົນກະທົບໂດຍສະເພາະໃນການປະຕິບັດຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟ: ເນື່ອງຈາກວ່າການສົ່ງຂອງ lithium ions ພາຍໃນ LiFePO4 ເປັນຫນຶ່ງມິຕິລະດັບ, ຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງນີ້ຈະຂັດຂວາງການສື່ສານຂອງ lithium ions; ເນື່ອງຈາກການນໍາລັດ valence ສູງເນື່ອງຈາກ repulsion electrostatic ເພີ່ມເຕີມ, ຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງນີ້ຍັງສາມາດເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມບໍ່ສະຖຽນລະພາບຂອງໂຄງສ້າງ LiFePO4.
ອະນຸພາກຂະຫນາດໃຫຍ່ຂອງ LiFePO4 ບໍ່ສາມາດມີຄວາມຍິນດີທີ່ສຸດໃນຕອນທ້າຍຂອງການສາກໄຟ; LiFePO4 ທີ່ມີໂຄງສ້າງ nano ສາມາດຫຼຸດຜ່ອນຂໍ້ບົກພ່ອງຂອງ inversion, ແຕ່ພະລັງງານດ້ານຫນ້າສູງຂອງມັນຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດການໄຫຼອອກດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ. PVDF ເປັນ binder ທີ່ໃຊ້ທົ່ວໄປທີ່ສຸດໃນປະຈຸບັນ, ເຊິ່ງມີຂໍ້ເສຍເຊັ່ນ: ປະຕິກິລິຍາຢູ່ໃນອຸນຫະພູມສູງ, ການລະລາຍຂອງ electrolyte ທີ່ບໍ່ມີນ້ໍາ, ແລະຄວາມຍືດຫຍຸ່ນບໍ່ພຽງພໍ. ມັນມີຜົນກະທົບໂດຍສະເພາະຕໍ່ການສູນເສຍຄວາມສາມາດແລະວົງຈອນຊີວິດຂອງ LiFePO4. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຕົວເກັບປະຈຸ, diaphragm, ອົງປະກອບຂອງ electrolyte, ຂະບວນການຜະລິດ, ປັດໃຈຂອງມະນຸດ, ການສັ່ນສະເທືອນພາຍນອກ, ຊ໊ອກ, ແລະອື່ນໆ, ຈະສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ການປະຕິບັດຂອງແບດເຕີລີ່ໃນລະດັບທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ.
ອ້າງອິງ: Miao Meng et al. "ຄວາມຄືບຫນ້າຂອງການຄົ້ນຄວ້າກ່ຽວກັບຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວຂອງຫມໍ້ໄຟພະລັງງານ Lithium Iron Phosphate."
ຕອບພາຍໃນ 6 ຊົ່ວໂມງ, ຄໍາຖາມໃດໆແມ່ນຍິນດີຕ້ອນຮັບ!